Evidence from personal ornaments suggest nine distinct cultural groups between 34,000 and 24,000 years ago in Europe

Evidence from personal ornaments suggest nine distinct cultural groups between 34,000 and 24,000 years ago in Europe

Jordan, P. Technology as Human Social Tradition: Cultural Transmission Among Hunter-Gatherers Vol. 7 (Univ. California Press, 2014).

O’Brien, M. J. & Lyman, R. L. Evolutionary archeology: current status and future prospects. Evol. Anthropol.11, 26–36 (2002).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Pettitt, P. The Palaeolithic Origins of Human Burial (Routledge, 2013).

Bar-Yosef, O. & Kuhn, S. L. The big deal about blades: laminar technologies and human evolution. Am. Anthropol.101, 322–338 (1999).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Bon, F. At the crossroad. Palethnol. Archéol. Sci. Hum. https://doi.org/10.4000/palethnologie.680 (2015).

Kuhn, S. L. et al. The early upper paleolithic occupations at Üçağızlı cave (Hatay, Turkey). J. Hum. Evol.56, 87–113 (2009).

Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Bennett, E. A. et al. The origin of the Gravettians: genomic evidence from a 36,000-year-old Eastern European. Preprint at bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/685404 (2019).

Fu, Q. et al. The genetic history of ice age Europe. Nature534, 200–205 (2016).

Article 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Posth, C. et al. Paleogenomics of upper paleolithic to neolithic European hunter-gatherers. Nature615, 117–126 (2023).

Article 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Villalba-Mouco, V. et al. A 23,000-year-old southern Iberian individual links human groups that lived in Western Europe before and after the Last Glacial Maximum. Nat. Ecol. Evol.7, 597–609 (2023).

PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Eisenmann, S. et al. Reconciling material cultures in archaeology with genetic data: the nomenclature of clusters emerging from archaeogenomic analysis. Sci. Rep.8, 13003 (2018).

Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Riede, F. in Investigating Archaeological Cultures: Material Culture, Variability, and Transmission (eds Roberts, B. W. & Vander Linden, M.) 245–270 (Springer, 2011).

Riede, F., Hoggard, C. & Shennan, S. Reconciling material cultures in archaeology with genetic data requires robust cultural evolutionary taxonomies. Palgrave Commun.5, 55 (2019).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Joyce, R. A. Archaeology of the body. Annu. Rev. Anthropol.34, 139–158 (2005).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Plog, S. E. & Richman, K. Symbols in action: ethnoarchaeological studies of material culture. Ian Hodder. Am. Anthropol. 85, 718–720 (1983).

Alvarez-Fernandez, E. Los Objetos de Adorno-colgantes del Paleolítico Superior y del Mesolítico en la Cornisa Cantábrica y en el Valle Del Ebro: Una Visión Europea (Univ. Salamanca, 2006).

Rigaud, S., Manen, C. & García-Martínez de Lagrán, I. Symbols in motion: flexible cultural boundaries and the fast spread of the Neolithic in the western Mediterranean. PLoS ONE13, p.e0196488 (2018).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Rigaud, S., d’Errico, F. & Vanhaeren, M. Ornaments reveal resistance of North European cultures to the spread of farming. PLoS ONE10, e0121166 (2015).

Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Sehasseh, E. M. et al. Early middle stone age personal ornaments from Bizmoune Cave, Essaouira, Morocco. Sci. Adv.7, eabi8620 (2021).

Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Vanhaeren, M. & d’Errico, F. Aurignacian ethno-linguistic geography of Europe revealed by personal ornaments. J. Anthropol. Sci.33, 1105–1128 (2006).

Google Scholar 

Aubry, T., Santos, A. T. & Martins, A. Côa Symposium. Novos olhares sobre a arte paleolítica. New perspectives on palaeolithic art. Repositório Comum http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/38285 (2021).

Bouzouggar, A. et al. 82,000-year-old shell beads from North Africa and implications for the origins of modern human behaviour. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA104, 9964–9969 (2007).

Article 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

d’Errico, F., Henshilwood, C., Vanhaeren, M. & Van Niekerk, K. Nassarius kraussianus shell beads from Blombos Cave: evidence for symbolic behaviour in the Middle Stone Age. J. Hum. Evol.48, 3–24 (2005).

Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Grün, R. et al. U-series and ESR analyses of bones and teeth relating to the human burials from Skhul. J. Hum. Evol.49, 316–334 (2005).

Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Miller, J. M. & Wang, Y. V. Ostrich eggshell beads reveal 50,000-year-old social network in Africa. Nature601, 234–239 (2022).

Article 
CAS 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Iliopoulos, A. Early body ornamentation as ego-culture: tracing the co-evolution of aesthetic ideals and cultural identity. Semiotica2020, 187–233 (2020).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Janowski, M. in Beads and Bead Makers: Gender, Material Culture and Meaning (eds Sciama, L. D. & Eicher, J. B.) 213–246 (Berg Publishers, 1998).

Weiner, A. B. The Trobrianders of Papua New Guinea (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1988).

Cangelosi, A. Evolution of communication and language using signals, symbols, and words. IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput.5, 93–101 (2001).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Kuhn, L. S. & Stiner, M. C. Paleolithic ornaments: implications for cognition, demography and identity. Diogenes214, 40–48 (2007).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Newell, R. R., Kielman, D., Constandse-Westermann, T. S., van der Sanden, W. A. B. & van Gijn, A. An Inquiry into the Ethnic Resolution of Mesolithic Regional Groups. The Study of Their Decorative Ornaments in Time and Space (Brill, 1990).

Hamilton, M. J., Milne, B. T., Walker, R. S., Burger, O. & Brown, J. H. The complex structure of hunter–gatherer social networks. Proc. R. Soc. B274, 2195–2203 (2007).

Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

d’Errico, F. & Vanhaeren, M. in Upper Palaeolithic Mortuary Practices: Reflection of Ethnic Affiliation, Social Complexity, and Cultural Turnover (eds Renfrew, C. et al.) 45–62 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2015).

Jordan, P. & Shennan, S. Cultural transmission, language, and basketry traditions amongst the California Indians. J. Anthropol. Archaeol.22, 42–74 (2003).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Kovacevic, M., Shennan, S., Vanhaeren, M., d’Errico, F. & Thomas, M. G. in Learning Strategies and Cultural Evolution During the Palaeolithic (eds Mesoudi, A. & Aoki, K.) 103–120 (Springer, 2015).

Lycett, S. J. Confirmation of the role of geographic isolation by distance in among-tribe variations in beadwork designs and manufacture on the High Plains. Archaeol. Anthropol. Sci.11, 2837–2847 (2019).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Shennan, S. Genes, Memes, and Human History: Darwinian Archaeology and Cultural Evolution (Thames & Hudson, 2002).

Shennan, S. J., Crema, E. R. & Kerig, T. Isolation-by-distance, homophily, and ‘core’ vs. ‘package’ cultural evolution models in Neolithic Europe. Evol. Hum. Behav.36, 103–109 (2015).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Hardy, O. J. & Vekemans, X. Isolation by distance in a continuous population: reconciliation between spatial autocorrelation analysis and population genetics models. Heredity83, 145–154 (1999).

Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Wright, S. Isolation by distance. Genetics28, 114–138 (1943).

Article 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Kozłowski, J. The origin of the Gravettian. Quat. Int.359, 3–18 (2015).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Taller, A. & Conard, N. J. Were the Technological Innovations of the Gravettian Triggered by Climatic Change? Insights from the Lithic Assemblages from Hohle Fels, SW Germany. PaleoAnthropology2022, 82–108 (2022).

Wilczyński, J. et al. New radiocarbon dates for the late Gravettian in eastern Central Europe. Radiocarbon62, 243–259 (2020).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Broglio, A. & Dalmeri, G. Pitture Paleolitiche Nelle Prealpi Venete: Grotta di Fumane e Riparo Dalmeri Vol. 9 (Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, 2005).

de Sonneville-Bordes, D. L’évolution du Paléolithique supérieur en Europe occidentale et sa signification. Bull. Soc. Préhist. Française63, 3–34 (1966).

Google Scholar 

Hahn, J. Aurignacien, das ältere Jungpaläolithikum in Mittel-und Osteuropa Vol. 9 (Böhlau, 1977).

Teyssandier, N. L’émergence du Paléolithique supérieur en Europe: mutations culturelles et rythmes d’évolution. PALEO https://doi.org/10.4000/paleo.702 (2007).

Zilhão, J. & d’Errico, F. The Chronology of the Aurignacian and of the Transitional Technocomplexes. Dating, Stratigraphies, Cultural Implications (Instituto Português de Arqueologia, 2003).

Calvo, A. & Arrizabalaga, A. Piecing together a new mosaic: Gravettian lithic resources and economic territories in the Western Pyrenees. Archaeol. Anthropol. Sci.12, 282 (2020).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Conard, N. J. & Moreau, L. Current research on the Gravettian of the Swabian Jura. Mitt. Ges. Urgesch.13, 29–57 (2004).

Google Scholar 

Marreiros, J. & Bicho, N. Lithic technology variability and human ecodynamics during the Early Gravettian of Southern Iberian Peninsula. Quat. Int.318, 90–101 (2013).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Moreau, L. Geißenklösterle. The Swabian Gravettian in its European context: Geißenklösterle. Das schwäbische Gravettien im europäischen Kontext. Quartär57, 79–93 (2010).

Google Scholar 

Polanská, M., Hromadová, B. & Sázelová, S. The Upper and Final Gravettian in Western Slovakia and Moravia. Different approaches, new questions. Quat. Int.581–582, 205–224 (2021).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Vignoles, A. et al. Investigating relationships between technological variability and ecology in the Middle Gravettian (ca. 32–28 ky cal. BP) in France. Quat. Sci. Rev.253, 106766 (2021).

Delporte, H. L’image de la femme dans l’art préhistorique. Rev. Archeol. Centre France18, 183–184 (1979).

Tripp, A. in Cultural Phylogenetics: Concepts and Applications in Archaeology (ed. Mendoza Straffon, L.) 179–202 (Springer, 2016).

Zilhão, J. & Trinkaus, E. (eds) Portrait of the Artist as a Child. The Gravettian Human Skeleton from the Abrigo Do Lagar Velho and Its Archaeological Context (Min. da Cultura, 2002).

Klaric, L., Guillermin, P. & Aubry, T. Des armatures variées et des modes de production variable. Réflexions à partir de quelques exemples issus du Gravettien d’Europe occidentale (France, Portugal, Allemagne). Gall. Prehist.51, 113–154 (2009).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Laville, H. & Rigaud, J.-P. The Perigordian V industries in Périgord: typological variations, stratigraphy and relative chronology. World Archaeol.4, 330–338 (1973).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Rigaud, J.-P., Dibble, H. & Monte-White, A. in Upper Pleistocene Prehistory of Western Eurasia (eds Dibble, H. L. & Monte-White, A.) 387–396 (Univ. Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, 1988).

Hoffecker, J. F. The Eastern Gravettian ‘Kostenki culture’ as an Arctic adaptation. Anthropol. Pap. Univ. Alsk.2, 115–136 (2002).

Google Scholar 

Johnson, R. J., Lanaspa, M. A. & Fox, J. W. Upper Paleolithic figurines showing women with obesity may represent survival symbols of climatic change. Obesity29, 11–15 (2021).

Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Weber, G. W. et al. The microstructure and the origin of the Venus from Willendorf. Sci. Rep.12, 2926 (2022).

Article 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Bradtmöller, M., Marreiros, J., Pereira, T. & Bicho, N. Lithic technological adaptation within the Gravettian of the Iberian Atlantic region: results from two case studies. Quat. Int.406, 3–24 (2016).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Kozłowski, J. K. in The Lithic Raw Material Sources and the Interregional Human Contacts in the Northern Carpathian Regions (ed. Mester, Z.) 63–85 (Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, Institute of Archaeological Sciences of the Eotvos Lorand University Budapest, 2013).

d’Errico, F. et al. Zhoukoudian Upper Cave personal ornaments and ochre: rediscovery and reevaluation. J. Hum. Evol.161, 103088 (2021).

Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Kassam, A. Traditional ornament: some general observations. Kenya Past Present https://hdl.handle.net/10520/AJA02578301_68 (1988).

Fernández, E. A. La explotación de los moluscos marinos en la Cornisa Cantábrica durante el Gravetiense: primeros datos de los niveles E y F de La Garma A (Omoño, Cantabria). Zephyrvs https://revistas.usal.es/uno/index.php/0514-7336/article/view/5567 (2007).

d’Errico, F. & Rigaud, S. Crache perforée dans le Gravettien du sire (Mirefleurs, Puy-de-Dôme). PALEO https://doi.org/10.4000/paleo.2172 (2011).

d’Errico, F. & Vanhaeren, M. in Death Shall Have No Dominion: The Archaeology of Mortality and Immortality, a Worldwide Perspective (eds Renfrew, C. et al.) 35–48 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2012).

Taborin, Y. in Hunters of the Golden Age. The Mid Upper Palaeolithic of Eurasia 30,000–20,000 BP (eds Roebroeks, W. et al.) 135–142 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000).

Lisá, L. et al. The role of abiotic factors in ecological strategies of Gravettian hunter–gatherers within Moravia, Czech Republic. Quat. Int.294, 71–81 (2013).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Wilczyński, J. et al. Population mobility and lithic tool diversity in the Late Gravettian – the case study of Lubná VI (Bohemian Massif). Quat. Int.587, 103–126 (2021).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Chapais, B. in Mind the Gap (eds Kappeler, P. & Silk, J.) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02725-3_2 19-51 (Springer, 2010).

Walker, R. S., Hill, K. R., Flinn, M. V. & Ellsworth, R. M. Evolutionary history of hunter–gatherer marriage practices. PLoS ONE6, e19066 (2011).

Article 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Beresford-Jones, D. et al. Rapid climate change in the Upper Palaeolithic: the record of charcoal conifer rings from the Gravettian site of Dolní Vĕstonice, Czech Republic. Quat. Sci. Rev.30, 1948–1964 (2011).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Haws, J. et al. Human adaptive responses to climate and environmental change during the Gravettian of Lapa do Picareiro (Portugal). Quat. Int.587588, 4–18 (2020).

Maier, A. Population and settlement dynamics from the Gravettian to the Magdalenian. Mitt. Ges. Urgesch.26, 83–101 (2017).

Google Scholar 

Bradley, R. The destruction of wealth in later prehistory. Man17, 108–122 (1982).

Testart, A. Des Dons et des Dieux. Anthropologie Religieuse et Sociologie Comparative (ERRANCE1, 2006).

Riel-Salvatore, J. & Gravel-Miguel, C. in The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Death and Burial (eds Stutz, L. N. & Tarlow, S.) Ch. 17 (Oxford Univ. Press, 2013).

Oliva, M. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Moravia Vol. 11 (Moravian Museum, 2005).

Kacki, S. et al. Complex mortuary dynamics in the Upper Paleolithic of the decorated Grotte de Cussac, France. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA117, 14851–14856 (2020).

Article 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Duarte, C. et al. The early Upper Paleolithic human skeleton from the Abrigo do Lagar Velho (Portugal) and modern human emergence in Iberia. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA96, 7604–7609 (1999).

Article 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Einwögerer, T. et al. Upper Palaeolithic infant burials. Nature444, 285 (2006).

Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Sinitsyn, A. A. Earliest Upper Palaeolithic layers at Kostenki 14 (Markina gora): preliminary results of the 1998–2001 excavations. BAR Int. Ser.1240, 181–190 (2004).

Google Scholar 

Wilczyński, J. et al. A mid Upper Palaeolithic child burial from Borsuka Cave (southern Poland). Int. J. Osteoarchaeol.26, 151–162 (2016).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Abramovitch, H. Death, anthropology of. Int. Encycl. Soc. Behav. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.12052-5 (2015).

Formicola, V., Pontrandolfi, A. & Svoboda, J. The Upper Paleolithic triple burial of Dolní Věstonice: pathology and funerary behavior. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.115, 372–379 (2001).

Article 
CAS 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Grosman, L., Munro, N. D. & Belfer-Cohen, A. A 12,000-year-old Shaman burial from the southern Levant (Israel). Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA105, 17665–17669 (2008).

Article 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Kaufman, S. R. & Morgan, L. M. The anthropology of the beginnings and ends of life. Annu. Rev. Anthropol.34, 317–341 (2005).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Petru, S. Identity and fear–burials in the Upper Palaeolithic. Doc. Praehist.45, 6–13 (2018).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Formicola, V. & Buzhilova, A. P. Double child burial from Sunghir (Russia): pathology and inferences for Upper Paleolithic funerary practices. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.124, 189–198 (2004).

Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Trinkaus, E. & Buzhilova, A. P. Diversity and differential disposal of the dead at Sunghir. Antiquity92, 7–21 (2018).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Bicho et al. Early Upper Paleolithic colonization across Europe: time and mode of the Gravettian diffusion. PLoS ONE12, e0178506 (2017).

Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Bocquet-Appel, J.-P., Demars, P.-Y., Noiret, L. & Dobrowsky, D. Estimates of Upper Palaeolithic meta-population size in Europe from archaeological data. J. Archaeol. Sci.32, 1656–1668 (2005).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Housley, R. A., Gamble, C. S., Street, M. & Pettitt, P. Radiocarbon evidence for the Lateglacial human recolonisation of northern Europe. Proc. Prehist. Soc.63, 25–54 (1997).

Ramsey, C. B. Radiocarbon calibration and analysis of stratigraphy: the OxCal program. Radiocarbon37, 425–430 (1995).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Reimer, P. J. et al. The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere radiocarbon age calibration curve (0–55 cal kBP). Radiocarbon62, 725–757 (2020).

Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 

Dubin, L. S. The History of Beads: From 30,000 B.C. to the Present (Thames and Hudson, 1987).

Erikson, J. M. The Universal Bead (W.W. Norton, 1969).

Taborin, Y. La parure en coquillage au Palaéolithique. Gall. Prehist. https://www.persee.fr/doc/galip_0072-0100_1993_sup_29_1 (1993).

Whallon, R. & Brown, J. Essays on Archaeological Typology (Center for American Archaeology Press, 1982).

Adams, W. Y. & Adams, E. W. Archaeological Typology and Practical Reality: A Dialectical Approach to Artefact Classification and Sorting (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1991).

Whittaker, J. C., Caulkins, D. & Kamp, K. A. Evaluating consistency in typology and classification. J. Archaeol. Method Theory5, 129–164 (1998).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Lartet, E. & Christy, H. Cavernes du Périgord: Objets Gravés et Sculptés des Temps Pré-historiques dans L’europe Occidentale (Revue Archéologique, 1864).

Riviere, É. Note sur l’homme fossile des cavernes de Baoussé-Roussé (Italie), dites grottes de Menton. Bull. Mem. Soc. Anthropol. Paris7, 584–589 (1872).

d’Errico, F. & Villa, P. Holes and grooves: the contribution of microscopy and taphonomy to the problem of art origins. J. Hum. Evol.33, 1–31 (1997).

Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Liiv, I. Seriation and matrix reordering methods: an historical overview. Stat. Anal. Data Min.3, 70–91 (2010).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Hammer, Ø., Harper, D. A. & Ryan, P. D. PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontol. Electronica4, 4 (2001).

Google Scholar 

Newman, M. E. Modularity and community structure in networks. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA103, 8577–8582 (2006).

Article 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Anderson, M. J. Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (Department of Statistics, Univ. Auckland, 2005).

McArdle, B. H. & Anderson, M. J. Fitting multivariate models to community data: a comment on distance-based redundancy analysis. Ecology82, 290–297 (2001).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Jaccard, P. Étude comparative de la distribution florale dans une portion des Alpes et des Jura. Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat.37, 547–579 (1901).

Google Scholar 

Rogers, D. S. & Ehrlich, P. R. Natural selection and cultural rates of change. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA105, 3416–3420 (2008).

Article 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Shennan, S. J. & Bentley, R. A. in Cultural Transmission and Archaeology: Issues and Case Studies (ed. O’Brien, M. J.) 164–177 (Society for American Archaeology, 2008).

Ricotta, C., Podani, J. & Pavoine, S. A family of functional dissimilarity measures for presence and absence data. Ecol. Evol.6, 5383–5389 (2016).

Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Bathke, A. C. et al. Testing mean differences among groups: multivariate and repeated measures analysis with minimal assumptions. Multivar. Behav. Res.53, 348–359 (2018).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Gower, J. C. Some distance properties of latent root and vector methods used in multivariate analysis. Biometrika53, 325–338 (1966).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Saitou, N. & Nei, M. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol.4, 406–425 (1987).

CAS 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Evans, J. D., Cann, J. R., Renfrew, A. C., Cornwall, I. W. & Western, A. C. Excavations in the Neolithic settlement of Knossos, 1957-60. Part I. Annu. Br. Sch. Athens59, 132–240 (1964).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Collard, M., Shennan, S. J., Buchanan, B. & Bentley, R. A. in Handbook of Archaeological Theories (eds Bentley, R. A. et al.) 203–223 (Altamira Press, 2008).

Gray, R. D., Greenhill, S. J. & Ross, R. M. The pleasures and perils of Darwinizing culture (with phylogenies). Biol. Theory2, 360–375 (2007).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Steele, J., Jordan, P. & Cochrane, E. Evolutionary approaches to cultural and linguistic diversity. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B365, 3781–3785 (2010).

Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Gray, R. D., Bryant, D. & Greenhill, S. J. On the shape and fabric of human history. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B365, 3923–3933 (2010).

Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Greenhill, S. J., Currie, T. E. & Gray, R. D. Does horizontal transmission invalidate cultural phylogenies? Proc. R. Soc. B276, 2299–2306 (2009).

Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Bryant, D. & Moulton, V. Neighbor-net: an agglomerative method for the construction of phylogenetic networks. Mol. Biol. Evol.21, 255–265 (2004).

Article 
CAS 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Bryant, D., Filimon, F. & Gray, R. D. in The Evolution of Cultural Diversity (eds Mace, R. et al.) 77–93 (Routledge, 2016).

Huson, D. H. & Bryant, D. Application of phylogenetic networks in evolutionary studies. Mol. Biol. Evol.23, 254–267 (2006).

Article 
CAS 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Holland, B. R., Huber, K. T., Dress, A. & Moulton, V. δ plots: a tool for analyzing phylogenetic distance data. Mol. Biol. Evol.19, 2051–2059 (2002).

Article 
CAS 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Meirmans, P. G. The trouble with isolation by distance. Mol. Ecol.21, 2839–2846 (2012).

Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Mantel, N. The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach. Cancer Res.27, 209–220 (1967).

CAS 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Borcard, D. & Legendre, P. Is the Mantel correlogram powerful enough to be useful in ecological analysis? A simulation study. Ecology93, 1473–1481 (2012).

Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Hammer, Ø. Spectral analysis of a Plio-Pleistocene multispecies time series using the Mantel periodogram. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol.243, 373–377 (2007).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Legendre, P. & Fortin, M. J. Spatial pattern and ecological analysis. Vegetatio80, 107–138 (1989).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Gallardo-Cruz, J. A., Meave, J. A., Pérez-García, E. A. & Hernández-Stefanoni, J. L. Spatial structure of plant communities in a complex tropical landscape: implications for β-diversity. Community Ecol.11, 202–210 (2010).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Baddeley, A., Rubak, E. & Turner, R. Spatial Point Patterns: Methodology and Applications with R (CRC Press, 2015).

Legendre, P. Comparison of permutation methods for the partial correlation and partial Mantel tests. J. Stat. Comput. Simul.67, 37–73 (2000).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Smouse, P., Long, J. & Sokal, R. Multiple regression and correlation extensions of the Mantel test of matrix correspondence. Syst. Zool.35, 627–632 (1986).

Article 

Google Scholar 

Baker, J., Rigaud, S., Vanhaeren, M. & d’Errico, F. Cro-Magnon personal ornaments revisited. PALEO32, 40–73 (2022).

Zilhão, J. et al. Revisiting the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic archaeology of Gruta do Caldeirão (Tomar, Portugal). PLoS ONE16, e0259089 (2021).

Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

QGIS Geographic Information System (QGIS.org., 2020).

ETOPO 2022 15 Arc-Second Global Relief Model (NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, accessed 25 August 2023); https://doi.org/10.25921/fd45-gt74

Lambeck, K. & Chappell, J. Sea level change through the last glacial cycle. Science292, 679–686 (2001).

Article 
CAS 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Source link : https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-023-01803-6

Author :

Publish date : 2024-01-29 08:00:00

Copyright for syndicated content belongs to the linked Source.

Exit mobile version